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Q&A Is it OK for a first person narrator to directly state the other character's emotions?

Example: I gasped. Tom swallowed. He was also surprised by the maid's sudden appearance. In this case the narrator is directly talking about Tom's feelings. I gasped. Tom swallowed. He al...

0 answers  ·  posted 9y ago by Alexandro Chen‭  ·  last activity 5y ago by System‭

#3: Attribution notice added by user avatar System‭ · 2019-12-08T04:11:35Z (almost 5 years ago)
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/q/16879
License name: CC BY-SA 3.0
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#2: Initial revision by user avatar Alexandro Chen‭ · 2019-12-08T04:11:35Z (almost 5 years ago)
Example:

> I gasped. Tom swallowed. He **was** also surprised by the maid's sudden appearance.

In this case the narrator is _directly_ talking about Tom's feelings.

> I gasped. Tom swallowed. He also **seemed** surprised by the maid's sudden appearance.

This one is more indirect; the narrator is just assuming what the other character feels.

Which one is better for fiction? Is the first case common?

#1: Imported from external source by user avatar System‭ · 2015-04-18T05:55:47Z (over 9 years ago)
Original score: 4