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Q&A Should I use "could be" or "could have been" in past-tense narration?

"Could" in the first one is just the past tense of "can," as you correctly note. In the second example, you are referring to a possibility in the "farther back" past. "Could Tom's mother have been...

posted 8y ago by Lauren Ipsum‭  ·  last activity 4y ago by System‭

Answer
#4: Attribution notice removed by user avatar System‭ · 2019-12-13T12:00:31Z (over 4 years ago)
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/19226
License name: CC BY-SA 3.0
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#3: Attribution notice added by user avatar System‭ · 2019-12-08T04:40:44Z (over 4 years ago)
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/19226
License name: CC BY-SA 3.0
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#2: Initial revision by (deleted user) · 2019-12-08T04:40:44Z (over 4 years ago)
"Could" in the first one is just the past tense of "can," as you correctly note.

In the second example, you are referring to a possibility in the "farther back" past. "Could Tom's mother have been right?" means that you have _the present_ when the story is taking place (even though it's in the past tense) and some incident _in the past_ (Tom's mother accused the narrator of being responsible for Tom's death).

If Tom's mother is standing in front of the narrator right now, then it would be "Could Tom's mother be right? Could I be the one responsible?"

So both your examples are correct, if the incident with Tom's mother happened at a previous point from the existing scene.

#1: Imported from external source by user avatar System‭ · 2015-10-05T09:52:06Z (over 8 years ago)
Original score: 4