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Q&A Correct spacing for "Smith et al. (2008)"

An academic paper is referred to as using the authors name and publication year. For example, Smith (2008) studied the property of blah-blah Smith and Johnson (2013)'s article investigated blah...

1 answer  ·  posted 7y ago by user67275‭  ·  last activity 4y ago by System‭

Question academic-writing
#3: Attribution notice added by user avatar System‭ · 2019-12-08T05:46:35Z (over 4 years ago)
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/q/25442
License name: CC BY-SA 3.0
License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#2: Initial revision by user avatar user67275‭ · 2019-12-08T05:46:35Z (over 4 years ago)
An academic paper is referred to as using the authors name and publication year.

For example,

1. Smith (2008) studied the property of blah-blah
2. Smith and Johnson (2013)'s article investigated blah-blah
3. Johnson et al.(2009)'s paper studies blah-blah

Here I wonder what is the correct spacing between the name(s) and year (in the parenthesis) and between year and "'s".

In #1. putting a space between Smith and (2008) looks natural, but in #2, it is weird because there is a space between Johnson and "'s". (Without (2013), it becomes "Johnson 's")

Is there any clear rule or common practice for this?

#1: Imported from external source by user avatar System‭ · 2016-12-04T02:38:12Z (over 7 years ago)
Original score: 0