Should i have four points of view for my novel?
I have four friends who all have roles to play in my novel. Person A is why things start to happen to the whole group. Person B has protected person A his whole life but A never knew. Person C betrays the group later in the book and person D is currently betraying his friends but he doesn't know it.
Chapters in my book will be separated by whose view it is. I will demonstrate how i want to have it play out in my book.
Chapter 1 character A
Chapter 2 character B
Chapter 3 character C
Chapter 4 character D
Chapter 5 character A
Chapter 6 character A
Chapter 7 character B
The two perspectives that are most important are person A and B so i can't get rid of theirs, but i feel as if i leave the other friends out people will see them as not important enough. How can i show all four perspectives without confusing or overwhelming my readers with the switches?
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Point of view is nothing more than it says it is. The place where the story is viewed from. In movie terms, it is the position of the camera. To have a single POV is equivalent to shooting an entire movie from a single camera angle.
It is a constraining thing to do. Generally it is easier to show different parts of the story from different points of view, just as it is easier to shoot a movie from different camera angles.
Don't confuse POV with character, and don't assume that the POV is at the center of the action. Again, POV is a camera angle, and the camera angle is opposite to the center of action, shooting the action. The POV is thus opposite to the thing you want to focus attention on in the scene. (This is why first person narration is such a difficult form, and why, contrary to popular belief among aspiring writers, it does not create more intimacy with the character.
If you locate the POV in a character, of course, you have an additional complexity to deal with, which is that you are not only seeing the scene through their eyes, but interpreting it thought their desires and experiences. In some senses, this is a dual POV, like a split screen with one view on the action and one view on the character's reaction to the action. This creates a tension between the action you are showing and the character's interpretation of that action. This can be a powerful narrative technique, but it is more difficult to pull off than a more straightforward neutral POV.
So, have as many POVs as it takes to tell you story, but if you get into the POV of a character with a stake in the outcome of the scene they are witnessing, think through very carefully how the dynamics of what they are seeing and how they are reacting coordinate to create the effect you want for the reader.
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To decide how many points of view (POVs) you can handle, you need to take into account the demands a new POV makes on you.
Each POV needs character and voice. When you have more than one or two POVs, then it's important that each one of the characters feels recognizable and distinct, with his own personality and voice that shines through everything they do.
If you don't manage this kind of richness, then multiple POVs draw attention to their sameness or dullness. If you've got good voice for some characters but not others, readers may enjoy some POVs and find others dull, or feel some of the POVs are a distraction from the "real" story.
Every POV needs their own plot arc. It's pretty much assumed that if a character has a POV, that's because their own goals and actions make a plot arc of their own. (It's hard to follow along with a character who doesn't feel like they've got a story, like they've got an arc that's headed somewhere.) So, more POVs means your story is going to be more complicated and multithreaded than one with fewer.
Keeping readers engaged with multiple POVs is harder. The more POVs you have, the longer gap you have between one and the other. Four POVs is likely to mean a four-chapter gap between one POV's chapter, and his next one. That can be hard to follow, or just feel choppy and disjointed. To accomplish this, you need to do really good work weaving the various POVs together, so the reader feels like all the arcs are moving forwards all the time -- or do some other authorial juggling to make the structure work.
In contrast to all these, multiple POVs can be a way to make your story richer, more varied, more colorful. It can make it bigger, with more characters who are truly key and get screentime. It can also let you tell stories with knowledge differences between the characters -- like the examples you give, of B helping A without A's knowledge. or C betraying the others.
These are the considerations you need to weigh against each other. Ultimately, you need to decide whether the added richness is worth the extra complexity, and whether you have enough material to sustain a multi-POV book for its entire length.
Another option that might be appropriate is using omniscient POV -- where you don't have any one POV character, but instead a single omniscient, omnipresent narrator voice, who can dip in and out of all the characters' POVs and knowledge at will. This has its own challenges (particularly, it's not very popular these days), but it effectively lets you skip between POVs constantly, and might be a good solution to the problem you're facing.
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