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C. You need to find the text the author is citing and cite it directly. If the actual statement is as vague as your example (I realize you may simply be using a generic example as a placeholder),...
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#2: Initial revision
**C.** You need to find the text the author is citing and cite it directly. If the actual statement is as vague as your example (I realize you may simply be using a generic example as a placeholder), you'll want to expand on it as well. It's not enough to state the general result of a study. You need to define your terms and explain it. This means finding the original. You can do an indirect cite only in cases where the original is impossible to find or where the original is a document only the author who cited it could have access to (a personal letter or email, for example). This gives you a citation that might look like this: > In a 2013 study of American higher education, students were twice as likely to volunteer for a political campaign in college as they were in high school. (Full Smith cite)