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It's called a memoir. Memoir is a subset of autobiography, which is a subset of biography. A biography is the story of someone's life. Autobiography is when you write your own biography. Memoir...
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#4: Attribution notice removed
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#3: Attribution notice added
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/43447 License name: CC BY-SA 3.0 License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#2: Initial revision
**It's called a memoir.** Memoir is a subset of autobiography, which is a subset of biography. A biography is the story of someone's life. Autobiography is when you write your own biography. Memoir is writing about your own life but without the scope of a biography. Your book may span many decades, but it's short and focused on certain events. Since your book would be nonfiction, it does not get classified as a novel, novella, or short story. If you are instead writing fiction that is _based on_ your life, then you could use these terms.