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If you're certain you want to shorten the sentence in that way, the word 'respectively' would be be a very useful tool for clarifying what grammatical role is being played by each of the bracketed ...
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#3: Attribution notice added
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/44458 License name: CC BY-SA 3.0 License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
#2: Initial revision
If you're certain you want to shorten the sentence in that way, the word '_respectively_' would be be a very useful tool for clarifying what grammatical role is being played by each of the bracketed sections. In your case, I would write the sentence as: > A firm outperforms (or underperforms) the industry when expression (1) results in a positive (respectively, negative) value. This is probably best used when the context is relatively formal/academic where readers are more likely to expect and understand this structure.