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In 3rd person limited, which you are writing it, it is perfectly valid to describe what somebody is feeling, like panic, or horror, or anger, or whatever. That includes pain. It seems like you feel...
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#4: Attribution notice removed
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/48834 License name: CC BY-SA 4.0 License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
#3: Attribution notice added
Source: https://writers.stackexchange.com/a/48834 License name: CC BY-SA 4.0 License URL: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
#2: Initial revision
In 3rd person limited, which you are writing it, it is perfectly valid to describe what somebody is **_feeling_** , like panic, or horror, or anger, or whatever. That includes pain. It seems like you feel restricted to describing actual **thoughts** and what he knows; but being tortured is not an intellectual exercise, it is a visceral exercise of enduring searing pain, fear and panic _without a word being thought._ Imagine you slip on grease spilled on a kitchen floor, and in your instinctive attempt to catch yourself you slap your hand on the stove, and squarely on red hot burner. No words will go through your mind in that moment, nothing but pain and animal reaction will ensue, as you withdraw your hand, lose the balance you had, and fall to the floor. There are not words in your mind when you are screaming in pain. Every reader knows this, has had some similar experience, and part of writing is to relate this pain to something they can sympathize with, times of pain or grief or terror without word or thought but aware of what is happening. That is what is called for, here. Describe his feelings, without his thoughts.